Tugas Kelompok 2 Bahasa Inggris Bisnis

Relative Pronouns

Relative pronouns adalah kata ganti yang menunjuk pada kata benda yang mendahuluinya (antecedent) yang berfungsi sebagai penghubung dalam kalimat. Relative pronouns biasa diletakkan di awal dependent clause atau anak kalimat yang menerangkan atau memberikan informasi tambahan kepada independent clause atau main clause.

Kata ganti yang digunakan adalah: who, whom, whose, which, dan that.

- The man who is sitting in the corner is my friend.

- The boy whom we visited is her boyfriend.

- The girl whose car was sold will go to study abroad.

- The filing cabinet, which we purchase last week, is very well built.

- The book that describes about behaviour of animal is expensive.

Kata who, whom, whose, which, dan that pada contoh di atas menunjuk pada kata benda sebelumnya (the man, the boy, the girl, the filling cabinet, the book).

Nouns (kata benda) atau pronouns (kata ganti) seperti the man, the boy, the girl, the filling cabinet, dan the book disebut dengan istilah antecedent.

- Voters whose names begin with the letters M to Z should go to Room 2.

- That photo is a reminder of someone who was very important to me.

- Hands up everyone who would like a drink.

- A mole is an animal that lives underground.

- He was accused of being drunk in charge of a vehicle, which is a serious offence.

Untuk menunjuk pada orang, gunakan relative pronouns: who, whom, whose dan that.

- the man who spoke

- the man that spoke (meskipun pemakaian that juga benar, who lebih disarankan sebagai subject pronoun)

- the man that I saw

- the man whom I saw  (meskipun pemakaian whom juga benar, that lebih disarankan sebagai object pronoun)

Untuk menunjuk pada benda lainnya atau hewan, gunakan relative pronouns: which, that dan whose.

- the cat which was sitting on the mat

- the cat that was sitting on the mat

- the book whose cover was torn

- a book to which I often refer

Ketika menunjuk pada sesuatu benda, of which bisa dipakai untuk menggantikan whose.

- a book the cover of which was torn

Perluasan relative pronouns dengan kata ganti seperti whoever, whomever, whatever dikenal sebagai indefinite relative pronouns (relative pronouns tanpa antecedent).

- The boy will tease whomever he likes.

- She said whatever came to mind.

- Let in whoever comes to me.

Kata what juga dapat digunakan sebagai indefinite relative pronouns, contoh:

- I will tell you what you need to know.

- I know what I like.

Catatan

Who disebut sebagai subject pronoun dan whom sebagai object pronoun. Hal ini bisa dibandingkan dengan he dan him, they dan them, dsb.

- the man who was there (bandingkan ‘he was there’)

- the man whom I saw (bandingkan ‘I saw him’)

Kata whom lebih sering digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris formal. Dalam penggunaannya sehari-hari, baik dalam bentuk percakapan maupun tulisan, whom biasanya diganti dengan who.

- the man who I saw

- the man who you were speaking to

Whom tidak bisa digantikan oleh who bila sebelumnya didahului oleh preposition.

- the man to whom you were speaking

- They elected Smith chairman, than whom there could have been no better choice.

Biasanya bentuk preposition + whom ini dipakai dalam bahasa Inggris formal.

Indefinite relative pronouns memiliki sifat yang terdapat pada relative pronouns maupun indefinite pronouns. Jenis pronouns ini seperti menunjuk pada suatu kata benda, tetapi orang atau benda yang dimaksud tidak disebutkan dengan jelas.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns adalah kata ganti untuk orang, binatang, tempat, atau sesuatu benda. Dalam kalimat, personal pronouns dapat digunakan sebagai subjek (the subject of a verb) maupun objek (the object of a verb).

Subject Pronouns

Personal pronouns yang digunakan sebagai subjek kata kerja adalah I, you, he, she, it, we, dan they. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini:

- Lisa likes cats. She has four cats.

Pada kalimat pertama, Lisa (proper noun) adalah subjek kalimat atau subjek kata kerja likes. Sedangkan pada kalimat kedua, she adalah subjek kalimat dan sebagai kata ganti untuk Lisa.

Beberapa contoh personal pronouns sebagai subjek:

- My name is Michael. I am fourteen.

- My father works hard. He works in a factory.

- My sister is older than me. She is twelve.

- Our dog is very naughty. It likes to chase cats.

- Bob, you are a bad boy!

- David and I are playing football. We like sports.

- Jim and Jeff are my brothers. They are older than I am.

Object Pronouns

Personal pronouns yang digunakan sebagai objek kata kerja adalah me, you, him, her, it, us dan them. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini:

- Lisa likes cats. She likes to stroke them.

Pada kalimat pertama, cats adalah objek kalimat atau objek kata kerja likes. Sedangkan pada kalimat kedua, them adalah objek kalimat dan sebagai kata ganti untuk cats.

Beberapa contoh personal pronouns sebagai objek:

- I’m doing my homework. Dad is helping me.

- Goodbye, children! I’ll call you later.

- Where is John? I need to speak to him.

- Miss Garcia is very nice. All the children like her.

- The car is very dirty. Mom is cleaning it.

- Uncle Harry called Mary to ask her a question.

- My chocolates are all gone. Someone has eaten them.

Dalam tata bahasa Inggris, pembicara atau orang yang berbicara disebut dengan orang pertama (first person), sedangkan yang diajak berbicara adalah orang kedua (second person), dan orang yang dibicarakan disebut sebagai orang ketiga (third person).

Berikut ini adalah tabel kata ganti untuk orang pertama (first person), kedua (second person), dan ketiga (third person).

			subject		object
	first person singular		I		me
	second person singular		you		you
	third person singular		he		him
			she		her
			it		it
	first person plural		we		us
	second person plural		you		you
	third person plural		they		them

Catatan

Dalam kalimat, personal pronouns dapat digabungkan dengan nouns. Yang digabungkan adalah orang pertama dan kedua yang berbentuk plural.

- We students are demanding that the administration give us two hours for lunch.

- The administration has managed to put us students in a bad situation.

Dan juga personal pronouns dan nouns yang sama-sama berkedudukan sebagai orang kedua.

- You students are demanding too much.

- We expect you students to behave like adults.

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns adalah kata ganti yang menunjukkan kepemilikan atas suatu benda. Kata-kata yang biasa digunakan adalah mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs.

Contoh:
- Look at those cars. Theirs is really ugly; ours is beautiful.
- This new car is mine.
- Mine is newer than yours.
- My hair is very fine. Yours is much thicker.
- The choice was his.
- These are my gloves. Hers are in the drawer.

Restrictive Clause

Restrictive clause adalah klausa adjektiva yang digunakan untuk memberikan tambahan informasi yang bermanfaat bagi nomina yang mendahuluinya dan informasi tersebut membedakan nomina itu dari yang lain.

Contoh:

Yesterday I met an old man who could fortell the future.

The book which you lent me is very interesting.

This is the place that I visited two years ago.

It was Hasan who called me up.

The boy who is shining my shoes is a student

Non-restrictive Clause

Non-restrictive clause adalah klause adjektiva yang semata-mata memberikan keterangan tambahan pada nomina yang mendahuluinya, namun keterangan tambahan tersebut tidaklah begitu penting seperti halnya dalam restrictive clause. Atau dengan kata lain, keterangan tambahan tersebut bisa kita hilangkan karena nominanya sudah tertentu dan sudah dimengerti.

Non-restrictive clause dalam kalimat ditulis dengan menggunakan tanda koma (,).

Contoh:

Mr. Rahman, who lives next door, is a good neighbor.

CNN, which broadcasts actual news, is my favorite TV station.

I like reading The Firm, which was written by John Grisham.

Budi, who is shining my shoes, is a student.

Smallpox, which once killed thousands of people every year, has now been

wiped out.

http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com

http://englishinstitutonline.blogspot.com/2012/04/non-restrictive-clause.html


Anggota Kelompok :
Anita Amelia
Desy Nataliani
Elsa Denovia
Fitria Rahayu
Sri Wulandari

3EB26

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Tulisan matkul : Bahasa Inggris Bisnis #